考研英语的战场上，词汇是决定胜负的基石。掌握科学的记忆法和真题语境，才能把单词真正刻在脑子里。今天，我们就来拆解一个考研高频核心词——punish，看看它到底有哪些隐藏的考点?

考研英语高频词汇：punish

单词：punish

音标：/ˈpʌnɪʃ/

释义：v.惩罚，处罚

考频：★★★★

记法：

词根拆解记忆：词根pun-表“惩罚”，加上动词后缀-ish（表使产生某种行为），组合后就是使他人受到惩戒，即惩罚、处罚；也可谐音联想“判你失”，判决你失去部分权益，对应惩罚的含义。

派生词：

punishment (名词，意为惩罚，处罚，刑罚)

punishable (形容词，意为可依法惩处的，应受处罚的)

punitive (形容词，意为惩罚性的，刑罚的)

punished (动词过去式/过去分词，意为已惩罚、被处罚)

punishing (动词现在分词/动名词，意为惩罚、处罚)

punisher (名词，意为实施惩罚者，处罚人)

搭配：

punish sb for sth 因某事惩罚某人

punish severely 严厉惩处

punish crime 惩治犯罪

punish unfairly 不公处罚

punish sb by fine 处以某人罚款

考研真题例句：

This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the business self-regulatory body to punish the worst offenders on its own.

这就是为什么近年来多次改革立法的尝试都失败了，只能让行业自律机构自行去处罚最严重的违规者。

The court ruled that the official did not break the law just by accepting favors in return for political help, but that does not mean the government cannot punish him for unethical behavior.

法院裁定该官员仅通过收受好处换取政治帮助的行为并未违法，但这并不意味着政府不能因其不道德行为处罚他。

The companies that punish overworked employees for taking breaks are actually reducing their overall productivity in the long run.

那些惩罚过度劳累的员工休息的公司，从长远来看实际上正在降低整体生产力。

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