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考研人都需要看的考研英语二阅读理解答案及解析

Text 4

Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.

As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency,

which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.

Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.

Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.

A “southern” camp headed by France wants something different: “European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: e.g.curbing competition in corporate tax rates or labour costs.

It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.

36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .

[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets

[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned

[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro [D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation

37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .

[A] are competing for the leading position [B] are busy handling their own crises

[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization [D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration

38. To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that .

[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased [B] stricter regulations be imposed

[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination [D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed

39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that .

[A] poor countries are more likely to get funds

[B] strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries

[C] loans will be readily available to rich countries [D] rich countries will basically control Eurobonds

40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel .

[A] pessimistic [B] desperate [C] conceited [D] hopeful

Text 4

【答案解析】

36. B 根 据 题 干 信 息 定 位 到 首 段 第 二 句 “Now even…growth” ， 这 句 话 中 “cheerleader”本意是“拉拉队队长” ，在此引申为“支持者” 。“a continent”在此句中 指代“The EU” ，题干的 problem 是原文 crisis 的近义替换，这句话说明欧盟的支 持者都开始谈论整个欧盟面临的问题，这就说明其支持者也开始为欧盟担忧，由 此可判断出 B 项正确。由第二段第二句“Markets have lost faith …” ，可知市场对 欧元区经济体失去信心，但并非 A 项中的欧盟对市场失去信心，故 A 项错误。 文中并未提及成员国是否放弃使用欧元，C 项属于无中生有，不选。由第二段末 句“ …which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.”可知原文讲

的是成员国应对货币贬值的问题，而并非 D 项“欧盟打算否决贬值的可能性”，故 错误。

37. C 根据题干信息定位到第三段第二句“It is stuck …what to harmonies.”根据这 句话可知“the dominant powers” ，即“德国和法国”虽然认为有必要在欧元区进行 更多的协调，但就协调内容却无法达成共识。由此可判断主导国家未能就协调内 容达成共识，C 项正确。原文并未提及德国和法国具体的国情及情况，只是说它 们无法就协调内容达成共识，故 A 项和 B 项原文均未提及，属于无中生有，不 选。第三段首句“Yet the debate …is stuck.”谈的是欧盟货币统一问题，并非 D 项的 “瓦解步骤” ，故 D 项是对原文的曲解，错误。

38. B 根 据 题 干 信 息 定 位 到 文 章 第 四 段 首 句 “Germany thinks …and competitiveness …” ，这句话的意思是“德国认为必须通过实施更加严格的借贷、 支出和竞争条例来拯救欧元 … … .” 。由此可知 B 项中“stricter regulations”是对原 文“stricter rules”的同义替换，故 B 项正确。由第四段第二句“These might …poorer regions …”可知冻结欧盟给贫困地区的资金，A 项与原文信息相反，故不选。C 项中的“only core members”是对第四段第三句“It insists that … all 27 members …” 中的“all 27 members”偷换了概念，故错误。第四段第三句“It insists that …all 27 members …” ，D 项中的“be guaranteed”(得到保障)是对第四段第二句“ …and even the suspension …ministerial councils.”中“suspension”(停职)偷换了概念，故错误。

39. A 根据题干信息定位到文章倒数第二段首句“A‘southern' camp headed by French wants …” 再根据“implies that ” 定位到倒数第二段“Translated, …poorer members …”句首的“Translated”是评注性状语，相当于“in other words”。介词短语 “from richer to poorer members”作后置定语修饰限定“redistribution” 。由此句可知 从富国到穷国再分配，即穷国更易得到资金，故 A 项正确。同时可以判断 C 项 与原文信息不符，故排除。由原文的分析可知对货币政策进行人为干预，以及对 富国到穷国的再分配体制，这些政策都是对穷国有利的，而应该对富国更加严厉， 故 B 项与原文信息相反，不选。第五段第二句“ …redistribution …fiscal transfers.” 显然对富国不利，故 D 项错误。

40. D 根据题干信息定位到最后一段首句“It is too soon to write off the EU.”其中 动词短语“write off”的意思是“取消;认定 … … 失败” 。因此这句话的意思是“认定 欧盟失败还为时过早” 。由此判断得出作者对欧盟的态度很乐观，根据答案给出 的备选选项，只有 D 项“有希望的”与作者的态度一致，故 D 项正确。最后一段， 作者通过许多主观评论词暗含了自己的态度，如：the world's largest; at its best; far more open 等。根据这些主观评论词也可判断得出作者对于欧盟的未来还是很乐 观的，由此可得出 A 、B 、C 项与作者的态度不符，故不选。

【全文翻译】

欧盟会成功吗?若在不久之前有人提出这样的问题，人们会感到奇怪。但是 现在即使是欧盟最有力的支持者们也都在谈论欧洲大陆面临的“百慕大三角”— 债务、人口下降以及低速增长。

除了那些长期性问题，欧盟经济核心区即使用统一货币的 16 个成员国还面 临严重的危机。欧元区国家，无论强还是弱，总有一天会因为单一货币体制—— 这一原则使得缺乏竞争力的成员国无法迅速解决货币贬值的问题——而走向统一。

然而，有关如何保护欧盟单一货币免遭崩溃的讨论陷入僵局。之所以陷入僵 局，是因为作为欧元区的主导国，法国和德国，虽然都认为有必要在欧元区加强 统一，但是就统一的内容却存在分歧。

德国认为拯救欧元必须实施更加严格的借贷、支出和竞争条例，并且对那些 不遵守条例的政府实施自动制裁。制裁措施包括威胁冻结欧盟提供给贫困地区或 欧盟大型项目资金，甚至暂停某个成员国在欧盟部长理事会的投票权。德国坚持 认为欧盟 27 个成员国都应参与到经济合作中来，在这些成员国中微弱多数赞成 市场的经济自由主义和严厉经济政策;而就欧元内部核心区而言，德国担心微弱 多数成员会赞同法国的介入。

而以法国为首的“南方”阵营却有不同打算：建立欧元核心区成员国内部的 “欧洲经济政府”，也就是说，这意味着政治家对货币政策及富国到贫国的再分配 体制进行的干预，是通过共同的欧元债券或完全的财政转移的形式对成员国政府 提供低息贷款来实现的。最终那些亲近法国政府的人抱怨说，欧盟成员国应就财 政和社会统一达成共识，比如，遏制公司税率或劳动力成本两方面的竞争。

现在就宣判欧盟死刑还为时过早，毕竟它仍然是世界上最大的贸易区。在最 佳状况下，欧盟计划相当自由：建立了由27 个贫富不等的国家组成的单一市场， 因此它同其他具有可比性的贸易区相比，其内部边界对商品、资本以及劳动力都 更加开放。这是充满雄心壮志的尝试：意在钝化全球化的尖锐棱角，使资本主义 更有利。

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