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考研英语二必备阅读理解原文答案及解析

Text 2

Whatever happened to the death of newspaper?A year ago the end seemed near. The

recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s

Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting

soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.

In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.

It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The

American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007.

Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many

journalists, they can be pushed further.

Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from

readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.

Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for

Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.

The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers

have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.

26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Para. 1), the author indicates that

newspapers .

[A] neglected the sign of crisis

[B] failed to get state subsidies

[C] were not charitable corporations [D] were in a desperate situation

27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .

[A] readers threatened to pay less

[B] newspapers wanted to reduce costs

[C] journalists reported little about these areas

[D] subscribers complained about slimmer products

28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable

because they .

[A] have more sources of revenue

[B] have more balanced newsrooms [C] are less dependent on advertising [D] are less affected by readership

29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?

[A] Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers. [B] Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.

[C] Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business. [D] Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.

30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .

[A] American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival [B] American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind

[C] American Newspapers: AThriving Business [D] American Newspapers: AHopeless Story

Text 2

【答案解析】

26. D 根 据 题 干 定 位 到 首 段 第 四 句 ： “Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle …doom.”这句话用了比喻义，报业为自己的命运编年纪事也就说美国 报业不景气，通过这句话，我们可知美国报业处于危机之中，因此 D 项正确。 原文中并未提及报业忽视对危机的信号反应，故 A 项属于无中生有。B 项在首 段倒数第三句提及，但只是讨论“国家要不要资助报业”而非“美国报业未能得到 资助” ，故不选。C 项“不是慈善公司”根据原文也无法直接得出，属于过度推理。

27. B 根据题干信息定位到第三段。根据该段第四句“Readers are paying more for slimmer products.” 可知“读者要给内容缩水的报纸支付更多钱”，也就是说报业降 低了成本。根据该段第五句“Some papers …distant suburbs.”可知“一些报业甚至有

勇气拒绝向远郊用户投递。”再由该段第六句“these desperate measures …” ，可知 上文中的“报纸内容缩水”和“拒绝向远郊投递”都是报业采取的措施，而报业之所 以这么做是为了降低成本，故 B 项正确。根据原文第三段第四句可知 A 项与原 文信息相反，故错误。但是由这句话并不能得知读者是否会抱怨缩水的报纸，D 项属于过度推理，故不选。原文并未提及记者报道的具体内容，只是对美国报业 现状进行客观分析，C 项属于无中生有，故不选。

28. C 根据题干信息美国和日本报业的对比定位到第四段。根据第四段第二、

三句可知“美国报业长期依赖广告收入，这是不正常的。2008 年，美国报业的广 告收入占总收入的 87% …”。再根据第四段最后两句可知“这个比例在日本是 35%。 因此日本报业更加稳定也就不足为奇了。”由此，考生可以判断出日本的报业稳 定是因为广告收入占总收入的比例较小，即日本报业并不太依赖广告，因此 C 项正确。原文第四段只提及广告收入占总收入的比例，以及这个比例对整个报业 稳定性的影响，但是并未提及 A 项收入来源，B 项新闻编辑部以及 D 项对于读 者的影响，故这三项属于无中生有，均不选。

29. A 根据最后一段首句 but 后内容可知“受创最严重的是报社中最不具特色的 领域”，即特色性很重要，因此 A 项正确。由末段倒数第二句“Newspapers …result.” 可知完整性是报业的结果而不是报业失败的原因，B 项属于因果倒置，故错误。 句子“Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.”并未提及驻外机构在报业中起到 什么作用，C 项属于无中生有，故不选。由句子“Car and film reviewers have gone” 可知“汽车和电影的评论员已消失。”从中无法得知读者对其失去兴趣，D 项属于 过度推理，不选。

30. A 由题干“The most appropriate title”可知这个题目考查考生对文章主旨的把 握能力。这篇文章描述了美国报业面对危机时积极采取各种措施得以生存和发展。 故 A 项与文章主旨相符，正确。由文章首段末句“But the discussions now seem out of date.”可知关于拯救报业的探讨都不合时宜了，这说明美国报业已经度过危机， 开始复苏了，而 B 项“随风而逝”和D 项“绝望的故事”均与此句意思相反，故不 选。由文章第三段首句“It has not been much fun.”可知虽然美国报业复苏了，但是 情况并不乐观，并没有复苏到繁荣的程度，C 项属于过度推理。

【全文翻译】

对于报业的衰亡究竟发生了什么?一年前，报业衰落似乎就在眼前。这场衰 落危机差点将仅存的还未转至互联网的广告和读者彻底清除。像《旧金山纪事》 这样的报纸都在为自己的命运编年纪事。美国联邦贸易委员会针对如何拯救报业 展开一系列的探讨。是否报业应该转变为慈善机构?是否政府应该资助他们?近 期该委员会还将召开会议。但是现在关于拯救报业的探讨都已经不合时宜了。

放眼全球报业，危机的迹象并不明显。德国和巴西的报业已从衰退中走了出 来。就连处于全球工业危机最严重的美国，报业不仅生存了下来，而且恢复了盈 利。虽然不及以前 20%的利润空间，但毕竟还是在盈利。

情况也不是很乐观。多家报社通过裁员维持运营。据美国新闻编辑协会估计， 自 2007 年以来新闻编辑职位缩减了 13500 个。读者却要付费更多却获得缩水的 内容。一些报纸甚至敢拒绝向偏远地区递送报纸。事实证明这些孤注一掷的措施 是正确的，然而对于许多记者来说这并不是好消息，他们可能要面临进一步裁员。

随着来自读者和广告商的收入比日趋合理，报业正在成为更加稳定的行业。 长期以来美国报业对广告过度依赖。根据经济合作与发展组织的数据，在 2008 年，美国报业多达 87%的收入来自于广告。而在日本，这个比例只有 35% ，因 此日本报业更加稳定也就不足为奇了。

这场席卷报业的旋风给每个人都带来了伤害，但是受创最严重的是报社中最 不具有特色的领域。汽车和电影评论员黯然离去，科学和普通商业新闻记者也未 能幸免，驻外机构也被无情地撤销。因此，报纸不再像以前那样完整。但是完整 也不再是报业的优势了。

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