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2024年考研英语二真题：阅读理解四

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Tex4

If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several. Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form. Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.

While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected, safeguarded and shared online. Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), is primarily focused on the way hospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically do not receive the same legal protections.

Why This Is Potentially Troubling

Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated. As Sara Morrison explains in Recode, “The app economy is based on tracking app users and making inferences about their behavior to target ads to them. ... That means health apps collect data that we consider to be our most sensitive and personal but may not protect it as well as they should.”

Take GoodRx, for example—an app that helps users save money on prescription drugs by finding price comparisons and coupons. While this app was helping millions of people save money, in early 2020 Consumer Reports found GoodRx to be sharing these personal details with tech and marketing companies. And some of that data was shared further. The company has made changes since then.

More recently, in 2021, Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission (FTC) investigation. The FTC alleged in a complaint that “despite express privacy claims, the company took control of users’ sensitive fertility data and shared it with third parties—a broken promise that left consumers feeling ‘outraged,’ ‘victimized’ and ‘violated.’” Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users’ express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.

Current Landscape Of Health Data Protections

Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company’s privacy practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm. While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.

The FTC chair is speaking out on this issue. In April, during her first public remarks on privacy issues since becoming chair last year, Lina Khan said that the agency would continue to use its existing statutory authorities and its power to police unfair and deceptive data practices to "take swift and bold action" against companies that misuse or fail to adequately secure consumers' personal information.

As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data. California has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts, first with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) of 2018, and more recently by establishing the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA). Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation, and other states are considering legislation as well.

36. The research findings are cited in paragraph 1 to show .

A. the prevalence of health apps

B. the public concern over health

C. the popularity of smartphones

A. the advancement of technology

37. What does the author imply about existing health privacy low?

A. Its courage needs to be extended.

B. Its enforcement needs strengthening.

C. It has discouraged medical misconduct.

D. It has disappointed insurance companies.

38. Before sharing its users’ health information, Flo Health is required to .

A. seek the approval of the FTC

B. find qualified third parties

C. remove irrelevant personal data

D. obtain their explicit permission

39. What challenge is the FTC currently faced wìth?

A.The complexity of health information.

B. The rapid increase in new health apps.

C. The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.

D. The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.

40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that health data protection .

A· has been embraced by health app developers

B. has been a focus of federal policy-making

C. has encountered opposition in California

D. has gained legislative support in some states

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