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考研练习:22考研英语二阅读真题及答案
下面的内容分享给大家:考研练习:22考研英语二阅读真题及答案,考研的真题有助于考生在复习时更加关注重点题型,提高复习效率。考生们可以根据自己的实际情况来了解以下文章内容,希望能给各位考生带来帮助。
考研练习:22考研英语二阅读真题及答案
Text 3
We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.
First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, "dark patterns" is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel, where user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.
In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.
Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception".
Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that ensures that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. The regulations aim to ban dark pattern—this means prohibiting companies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out.
As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standard.
31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns __________.
[A] improve user experiences
[B] leak user information for profit
[C] undermine users' decision-making
[D] remind users of hidden costs
32. The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show __________.
[A] their major flaws
[B] their complex designs
[C] their severe damage
[D] their strong presence
33. To handle digital deception, businesses should __________.
[A] listen to customer feedback
[B] talk with relevant teams
[C] turn to independent agencies
[D] rely on professional training
34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to __________.
[A] guide users through opt-out processes
[B] protect consumers from being tricked
[C] grant companies data privacy rights
[D] restrict access to problematic content
35. According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is __________.
[A] new legal requirements
[B] businesses' self -discipline
[C] strict regulatory standards
[D] consumers' safety awareness
【答案】
31. [C] undermine users’ decision-making
32. [D] their strong presence
33. [B] talk with relevant teams
34. [B] protect consumers from being tricked
35. [B] businesses' self-discipline
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考研练习:22考研英语二阅读真题及答案是今天给大家带来的内容,通过对真题的统计分析,考生可以明确哪些知识点是考试的重点和难点,从而在复习过程中给予更多的关注。如果各位同学们还有其他想要了解的内容,可以在右侧小窗咨询客服。
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【26考研辅导课程推荐】:26考研集训课程,VIP领学计划,26考研VIP全科定制套餐(公共课VIP+专业课1对1) , 这些课程中都会配有内部讲义以及辅导书和资料,同时会有教研教辅双师模式对大家进行教学以及督学,并配有24小时答疑和模拟测试等,可直接咨询在线客服老师领取大额优惠券。
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