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考研阅读真题解析:23考研英语二阅读答案解析分享

Text 4

Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.

Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.

The advent of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all — it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published.

How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual- acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.

Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.

36. According to Paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determined by________.

A. how many citations their works contain.

B. how many times their papers are cited.

C. the prestige of the people they work with.

D. the status they have in scientific circles.

37.The support service consultancies tend to________.

A. recommend journals to their clients

B. list citation patterns their clients

C. ask authors to include extra citations

D. advise contributors to cite each other

38.The Function of the “milk cow” journals is to________.

A. boost citation counts for certain authors

B. help scholars publish articles at low cost

C. instruct First-time contributors in citation

D. increase the readership of new journals

39.What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?

A. It Fosters competition among citation providers.

B. It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.

C. It hinders the growth of “international” journals.

D. It is established to prevent citation manipulation.

40.What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?

A. Take legal action.

B. Demand an apology.

C. Seek professional advice

D. Reveal their misconduct.

Text 4答案及解析

36. According Paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determined by

A. how many citations their works contain.

B. how many times their papers are cited.

C. the prestige of the people they work with.

D. the status they have in scientific circles.

【36】B how many times their papers are cited 解析： 该题为细节题，问科学家的职业生涯由什么决定，第一段末句提到：科学家的职业生涯及其机构的声誉取决于他们所发表论文的数量和声誉，但更重要的是，这些论文所吸引到的引用。(but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers)所以职业家的生涯最关键的因素是他们论文被引用的次数。

37. The support service consultancies tend to

A. recommend journals to their clients.

B. list citation patterns for their clients.

C. ask authors to include extra citations.

D. advise contributors to cite each other.

【37】C ask authors to include extra citations 解析： 该题为细节题，问支持服务的咨询公司往往会，文中提到：提供支持服务的咨询公司有时会建议撰稿人在他们的文章和同事的文章中添加一些引文。(support service consultancies ... sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles and the articles of colleagues)。include extra citations是add a number of citations的同义替换，故选C。

38. The function of the “milk cow” journals is to

A. boost citation counts for certain authors.

B. help scholars publish articles at low cost.

C. instruct first-time contributors in citation.

D. increase the readership of new journals.

【38】A boost citation counts for certain authors 解析： 该题为细节题，问“奶牛”期刊的作用是什么，文中提到：这些期刊可以像奶牛一样，每期的每篇文章都可以引用一篇特定的论文或一系列论文。(These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers)。每期的每篇文章都可以引用特定或者一系列论文，也就是为某些作者增加引用次数，故选A。

39. What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?

A. It fosters competition among citation providers.

B. It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.

C. It hinders the growth of “international” journals.

D. It is established to prevent citation manipulation.

【39】B It has the capability to identify suspicious citations 解析： 该题为推理细节题，问从最后两段中可以得知Scopus，文中提到：Scopus本身拥有检测这种弊端所需的所有数据。(Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice)。这里B项identify suspicious citations(发现可疑的引用)和原文detect this malpractice(发现这种不当行为)是同义替换，故选B。

40. What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?

A. Take legal action.

B. Demand an apology.

C. Seek professional advice.

D. Reveal their misconduct.

【40】D Reveal their misconduct 解析： 该题为细节题，问作者应该如何处理引文操纵者，文中提到：当编辑、审稿人或支持服务机构要求你添加不适当的参考文献时，不要强迫自己，并将请求报告给期刊。(when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal)。这里D项reveal their misconduct(揭露他们的不当行为)和原文do report the request to the journal(将请求报告给期刊)是同义替换，故选D。

具体信息请考生关注院校官网等发布的官方消息。

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