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2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people for pleasure, when you are not working. Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time with others, ______ some of us may feel drained , even if it’s doing something we enjoy.

This is why finding a ______ in your social life is a key. ... Other life changes can ___ periods of loneliness too, such as retirement, changing jobs or becoming a parent.

It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness. There are groups aimed at new parents who want to ______ a new sport for the first time, or net working events for those in the same profession to meet up and ___ ideas.

On the other hand , it's ______ possible to have too much of a social life, …, Make sure you ______ some time in your diary when you’re ______ for socialising and use this time to relax, ___ and recover.

1. [A] because [B]unless [C]whereas [D] until

2. [A] contrast [B]balance [C] link [D] gap

3. [A] seeing [B] pleasing [C]judging [D] teaching

4. [A] misguided [B]surprised [C]spoiled [D]disconnected

5. [A]contribute to [B]rely on [C]interfere with [D] go against

6. [A] in fact [B] of course [C] for example [D] on average

7. [A] cutting back [B] missing out [C] breaking in [D] looking down

8. [A] shorten [B] trigger [C] follow [D] interrupt

9. [A] assess [B]interpret [C]provide [D]regain

10. [A]at first [B] in turn [C] on time [D] by change

11. [A]far-sighted [B]strong-willed [C]kind-hearted [D]like minded

12. [A]try [B]promote [C]watch [D]describe

13. [A]test [B]share [C]accept [D] revise

14. [A]already [B]thus [C] also [D]only

15. [A]list [B]order [C]space [D]boundary

16. [A]list [B]order [C]space [D]boundary

17. [A]fatigue [B] criticism [C]injustice [D] dilemma

18. [A] take over [B]wipe off [C] add up [D] mark out

19. [A] ungrateful [B] [C] responsible [D] regretful

20. [A] react [B]repeat [C] return [D] rest

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

In her new book Cogs and Monsters: What Economics Is, and What It Should Be, Diane Coyle, an economist at Cambridge University, argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress. “Whatever we mean by the economy growing, by things getting better, the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past,” she writes. “An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers, with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politically sustainable.”

Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including health care and construction, says Coyle. But people can’t be expected to embrace the changes if they’re not seeing the benefits—if they’re just seeing good jobs being destroyed.

In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review, Coyle said she fears that tech’s inequality problem could be a roadblock to deploying AI. “We’re talking about disruption,” she says. “These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day, that change business models that succeed.” To make such “tremendous changes,” she adds, you need social buy-in.

Instead, says Coyle, resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.

In the US, for instance, during much of the 20th century the various regions of the country were—in the language of economists—“converging,” and financial disparities decreased. Then, in the 1980s, came the onslaught of digital technologies, and the trend reversed itself. Automation wiped out many manufacturing and retail jobs. New, well-paying tech jobs were clustered in a few cities.

According to the Brookings Institution, a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco, San Jose, Boston, and Seattle had roughly 38% of all tech jobs by 2019. New AI technologies are particularly concentrated: Brookings’s Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States (San Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).

The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar. Not only will this foster political and social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.

Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda. That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.

A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don’t simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care most about, like health care, education, and manufacturing.

21. Coyle argues in her new book that economy growth should______.

A. give rise to innovations

B. diversify career choices

C. benefit people equally

D. be promoted forcefully

22. According to Paragraph 2, digital technologies should be use to______.

A. bring about instant prosperity

B. reduce people’s workload

C. raise overall work efficiency

D. enhance cross-sector cooperation

23. What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?

A. They may affect work-life balance.

B. They may be impractical to deploy.

C. They may incur huge expenditure.

D. They may be unwelcome to the public.

24. Several American cities are mentioned to show______.

A. the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US

B. the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US

C. the fast progress of US regional economies.

D. the increasing significance of US AI assets

25. With regard to Coyle’s concern the author suggests______.

A. raising funds to start new AI projects

B. encouraging collaboration in AI research

C. guarding against the side effects of AI

D. redefining the role of AI technologies

Text 2

The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood, a trade body has warned. The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.

Currently only 20 per cent of the UK's wood requirement is homegrown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world, bringing in around £7.5 billion annually.

Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees, the trade body says these don't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies.

“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now, but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood," said Stuart Goodall, chief executive of Confor. "For decades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply, leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."

The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed, Confor say. While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber, the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 per cent.

The causes of the UK’s current position are complex and range from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the decimation of trees from grey squirrels. It also encompasses significant hesitation on behalf of farmers and other landowners to invest in longer term planting projects.

While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK’s net zero strategy, the focus of government support continues to be on food production and the rewilding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.

The recently launched Woodland Creation Offer, which pledges farmers and landowners £10,000 for each hectare planted, failed to mention timber production, albeit the Forestry Commission's Richard Stanford has since spoken of the importance of it.

Stuart added: "While food production and biodiversity health are clearly of critical importance, we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction, manufacturing and to contribute to net zero.

“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting, there has been little action on the ground. Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand.”

26. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the UK needs to .

[A] increase its domestic wood supply

[B] reduce its demand for timber

[C] lower its wood productive costs

[D] lift its control on timber imports

27. According to Confor, the UK government’s fresh incentives .

[A] can hardly address a construction crisis

[B] are believed to come at a wrong time

[C] seem to be misleading for landowners

[D] will be too costly to put into practice

28. The UK’s exposure to fluctuating wood prices is a result of .

[A] the government’s inaction on timber imports

[B] inadequate investment in growing wood

[C] the competition among timber traders at home

[D] wood producers’ motive to maximise profits

29. Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in the UK?

[A] Excessive timber consumption in construction

[B] Unfavorable conditions for growing wood.

[C] Outdated technologies of the wood industry.

[D] Farmers’ unwillingness to plant tree.

30. What does Goodall think the UK government should do?

[A] Subsidize the building of low-carbon homes.

[B] Pay greater attention to boosting rural economies.

[C] Provide more support for productive tree planting

[D] Five priority to pursuing its net-zero strategy.

Tex4

If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several. Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form. Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.

While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected, safeguarded and shared online. Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), is primarily focused on the way hospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically do not receive the same legal protections.

Why This Is Potentially Troubling

Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated. As Sara Morrison explains in Recode, “The app economy is based on tracking app users and making inferences about their behavior to target ads to them. ... That means health apps collect data that we consider to be our most sensitive and personal but may not protect it as well as they should.”

Take GoodRx, for example—an app that helps users save money on prescription drugs by finding price comparisons and coupons. While this app was helping millions of people save money, in early 2020 Consumer Reports found GoodRx to be sharing these personal details with tech and marketing companies. And some of that data was shared further. The company has made changes since then.

More recently, in 2021, Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission (FTC) investigation. The FTC alleged in a complaint that “despite express privacy claims, the company took control of users’ sensitive fertility data and shared it with third parties—a broken promise that left consumers feeling ‘outraged,’ ‘victimized’ and ‘violated.’” Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users’ express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.

Current Landscape Of Health Data Protections

Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company’s privacy practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm. While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.

The FTC chair is speaking out on this issue. In April, during her first public remarks on privacy issues since becoming chair last year, Lina Khan said that the agency would continue to use its existing statutory authorities and its power to police unfair and deceptive data practices to "take swift and bold action" against companies that misuse or fail to adequately secure consumers' personal information.

As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data. California has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts, first with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) of 2018, and more recently by establishing the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA). Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation, and other states are considering legislation as well.

36. The research findings are cited in paragraph 1 to show .

A. the prevalence of health apps

B. the public concern over health

C. the popularity of smartphones

A. the advancement of technology

37. What does the author imply about existing health privacy low?

A. Its courage needs to be extended.

B. Its enforcement needs strengthening.

C. It has discouraged medical misconduct.

D. It has disappointed insurance companies.

38. Before sharing its users’ health information, Flo Health is required to .

A. seek the approval of the FTC

B. find qualified third parties

C. remove irrelevant personal data

D. obtain their explicit permission

39. What challenge is the FTC currently faced wìth?

A.The complexity of health information.

B. The rapid increase in new health apps.

C. The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.

D. The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.

40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that health data protection .

A· has been embraced by health app developers

B. has been a focus of federal policy-making

C. has encountered opposition in California

D. has gained legislative support in some states

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Section III Translation

46. Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

With the smell of coffee and fresh bread flooding in the air, stalls bursting with colorful vegetables and tempting cheeses, and the buzz of friendly chats, farmer’s market are a feast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce—all at the same time.

Farmer’s markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls, with allow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or regulating of markets can vary from season to season, depending on the area’s agricultural calendar, and you’re likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year. By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where—and to who—their money is going.

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions:

Suppose you and Jack are going to do a survey on the protection of old

houses in an ancient town. Write him an email to

1) put forward your plan, and

2) ask for his opinion.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. (10 points)

Part B

48. Directions:

Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

以上就是为大家整理的2024年考研英语二真题(回忆版)，预祝各位考生考试顺利。