2021考研英语初试临近，考生们要抓紧时间备考复习，启航考研官网为大家整理了考研英语长难句的经典解析，希望对考生们的复习有所帮助。

1.Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”

结构分析：本句的主干是 elders used to say…。直接引语中是主系表结构, 注意 not…but 结构。

参考译文：出言谨慎的长辈们过去常说，“问题不是你在这个世界上想要什么，而是你能得到什么。”

2.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.

结构分析：这句话是 and 连接的两个并列句。在第一个分句中，as 是连词，引导比较状语从句，把a mental blueprint of a desire 和 a blueprint of a house 相比较。第二个分句中的主干结构是：each of us is…making blueprints…。第二个分句中用一般进行时表示经常发生的事情。这样的结构常常用来表达经常发生的令人不快的、令人讨厌的事情。

参考译文：你可以在脑子里为你的愿望画一幅蓝图，就象给房子画蓝图那样。实际上，在日常生活中，我们每一个人都在不断地描绘着这些蓝图。

3 . While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.

结构分析：and 连接两个并列句。第一个分句的主干是：employer is deciding whether…; 第二个分句的主干是：your “wares” and abilities must be displayed…。第一个分句中 while 引导了一个伴随性动作 talking 作时间状语，decide 后面接了一个 whether 引导的宾语从句：whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you。

参考译文：你的未来雇主在与你谈话时，就在掂量，你的教育背景、工作经历及其他资历是否能使其受益，而你的“商品”和能力必须合理而有序地展示出来。

4 . When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell.

结构分析：when 引导时间状语从句，主句是：you have something tangible to sell。注意本句中 have+ n.+to do 这个结构。

参考译文：当你精心准备好自己能力和愿望的蓝图后，你就有具体明确的东西可以推销了。

5.They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children’s programmes and films for an annual license fee of £83 per household.

结构分析：句子的主干是 They are brought…for an annual license fee…, 其中谓语部分用了被动语态。实际结构是 bring 后接双宾语 bring sb sth,在这句话中，直接宾语很长，是一系列名词的罗列：前面的名词是用逗号连接，最后两个并列成分用 and 连接。

参考译文：每户每年交 83 英镑的收视费便可收看体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻时事、教育、宗教、议会报道、儿童节目及电影。

6.The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.

结构分析：句子的结构是 but 连接了两个转折关系的句子。其中 at least for the time being 前后用逗号与句子其他部分分开，是插入语。前一句子的主干结构是 The Corporation will survive as…, 后一个句子的主干是 its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject…。

参考译文：英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但它的作用、规模和节目却成了全英国争论的话题。

7.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC — including ordinary listeners and viewers — to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.

结构分析：这句话的主干是 The debate was launched by the Government，使用了被动语态。后面 which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 government, 定语从句中不定式 to say 后面是两个并列的宾语从句，一个由 what 引导，一个由 whether 引导，两部分用 and 连接，副词 even 表示进一步强调。另外两个破折号之间的部分属于插入部分，是用来进一步定义 anyone 的。anyone 后面的 with 介词词组也是用来修饰 anyone 的。

参考译文：英国政府发起了这场争论，它邀请每一位对 BBC 有看法的人 —— 包括普通的听众和观众 —— 对公司好坏进行评说，甚至可以评说他们是否认为公司值得办下去。

8.The BBC “isn’t broke”, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word “broke”, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?

结构分析：这句话是 so 连接的两个因果关系的句子。they say 是插入语。which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面引号中的部分。

参考译文：他们说“BBC 没有破产”，意思是说公司没有垮，那干吗自找麻烦去改变它呢?

9.But it is the arrival of new satellite channels —funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions —which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.

结构分析：首先这个句子使用了强调结构：it is… which, which 指代前面的 channels。破折号中间的插入成分相当于定语， (which are ) funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions 修饰channels。其中 and 连接两个 partly by。

参考译文：但新的卫星频道的出现 —— 部分资金来自广告收入，部分来自用户收视费 —— 从长远来看会带来最大的变化。

10.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.

结构分析：这句话的主干是 The change met…requirements…and prevented the decline…。其中 by engaging a large professional element 是说明 met the technical requirements 的方式。the decline in efficiency 后面的 that 引导定语从句修饰前面的 decline in efficiency。

参考译文：这种变革通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求，并阻止了效率的降低，这种效率的降低使得许多家族商行在那些精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、第三代手中破产倒闭。

11.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

结构分析：这个句子的主干是…manipulation…increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class…。其中 an element 是 class 的同位语。representing irresponsible wealth 是现在分词，作定语修饰前面的 element, detached from 是过去分词作后置定语，相当于是省略了 which is 的定语从句。and 连接两个 detached from, 都修饰前面的 wealth。

参考译文：这种大规模地、非个人性地对资本和企业进行操作，极大地增加了作为一个阶层的股东的数量和重要性，作为国民生活的一部分，股东阶层代表着不承担责任的财富与土地拥有者应尽义务的分离，而且同样与企业的责任管理分离。

12 . Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

结构分析：句子主干是 Towns…sprang up to house…classes,后面两个 who 引导两个定语从句修饰前面的 classes。except 是介词，它后面的 that 指代 relation。drawing 和 attending 是并列关系，作介词 of 的宾语。动词不定式 to dictate their orders to the management 作目的状语。理解这个句子的关键在两个 who 引导的定语从句都是修饰 classes。

参考译文：像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城市的兴起，是为了给大批隐退的享乐阶层人士在这里过着舒适的生活。他们依赖丰厚的收入，除了领取红利，偶尔参加股东会议，向管理人员发号施令，他们与外界没有联系。

13.The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.

结构分析：这个句子是 and 连接的两个并列句。第一个句子的主干是 The “shareholders” had no knowledge…。employed 作定语修饰前面的 workmen，相当于省略了 who were ( employed by) …。which 引导定语从句 in which he held shares 修饰前面的 company。第二个句子的主干是 his influence…was not good，是常见的主语+系动词+表语结构。

参考译文：这种股东不了解持股公司里工人们的生活、思想和需求。他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。

14.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.

结构分析：这个句子是 but 连接的两个转折关系的句子。第一个句子的主干结构是 the … manager …was in more direct relation with…。第一个句子中 acting for 是现在分词作定语，修饰 manager。

第二个句子的主干是 he had seldom that…knowledge of the workmen…。which 引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的 familiar personal knowledge。Passing away 是现在分词作定语修饰前面的 family business。under the more patriarchal system of the old family business 是介词词组作状语，修饰谓语动词 had often had。

参考译文：代公司进行管理的领薪经理与工人及其需求有更直接的关系，但他们甚至也已不像当年更具家长管理式的制度下的企业老板那样熟悉工人的情况。

15 . Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.

结构分析：句首是介词词组作状语，谓语动词 would single out 后面用分号分隔开的各个部分是名词性词组，这些都是 single out 的宾语。a labor force that welcomed the new technology 中 that 引导定语从句，修饰前面的 labor force。最后的形容词 technological 是后置定语，修饰前面的 things。

参考译文：在诸多形成因素中，我想挑选出这些：这个国家优异的小学教育;欢迎新技术的劳动大军;奖励发明者的做法;尤其是美国人在处理技术问题时所具有的非语言的，“空间”思维的天赋。

16.Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage.

结构分析：句子主干是 observers related A to B。

参考译文：目光敏锐的外国观察家把美国人的适应能力和发明创造这种教育优势联系起来。

17.A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it.

结构分析：这是一个主从复合句，句子的主干是…stimulus came from…。其中逗号后的 which 引导了一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“premium” system。句末的 it 指代前面的 patent system。定语从句中，and 连接了两个并列的谓语动词：preceded 和 ran。

参考译文：推动发明的另一刺激因素来自“奖赏”制度，它产生于专利制度之前，且有好多年与专利制度同时运作。

18.Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.

结构分析：句子的主干是 Americans flocked to these fairs…，后面的动词不定式 to admire the new machines and thus to renew 都是表明 flocked 的目的，作状语。

参考译文：美国人纷纷涌向博览会去欣赏新机械，也因此更加坚信技术进步造福人类。

19 .As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process… The designer and the inventor … are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist.”

结构分析：句子的主体部分是直接引语，有两个句子。第一个句子中是分号连接的两个并列句。第一个分句的主体结构是 A technologist thinks about objects…, 其中 that 引导了定语从句 that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions 修饰前面的 objects。第二个分句中使用了被动语态，主语 they 指代前面的 objects。第二个句子中，that 引导定语 that as yet do not exist 修饰前面的 devices。

参考译文：正如尤金 · 弗格森曾指出的：“技术人员思考那些不能用明确的语言进行描述的物体;这些物体在头脑中以视觉性的、非语言性的方式来处理…… 设计者和发明者……能在头脑中组装并操作那些尚不存在的机械装置。”

20.Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”

结构分析：句子结构是 Robert Fulton >直接引语。直接引语中，句子的主干是 The mechanic should sit down…。like 在这里是连词，“如同，同样”，构成比较。like a poet 后面省略了和前面句子一样的谓语部分：should sit down。considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts 是现在分词作状语，表示伴随动作，其中 them 指代前面的 letters。后面的 which 引导定语从句 in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea 修饰前面的 exhibition。

参考译文：罗伯特 · 富尔顿曾写道：“技术人员坐在杠杆、螺钉、楔子、轮子等中间，如同一位诗人处在词汇之中，应把它们看作为自己思想的一种表达，每一个新组合都能传达一个新的意念。”