短文写作的评分标准主要有4个：语言准确、组织连贯、信息完整、语言多样。其中最为重要的就是语言多样。所以考生在写作时需要注意使用丰富的词汇及多样的语言表达。启航考研整理了一些常用的替换词汇和句式，仅供大家参考使用。

(一)词语替换

常用名词替换表达：

person&rarrindividual

thing&rarraffair;business;matter

choice&rarroption

meaning&rarrimplication

problem&rarrcase;trouble;dilemma;crisis;disaster

picture&rarrcartoon;drawing;illustration

failure&rarrsetback

way&rarrmethod;approach

常用动词替换表达：

describe&rarrdepict;illustrate;show;record;reflect;reveal

cause&rarrtrigger;give rise to;contribute into;translate into

remember&rarrkeep in mind

get&rarracquire;obtain

solve&rarrsettle;tackle;overcome

try&rarrattempt

prepare for&rarrpave the way for

常用形容词替换：

important&rarrvital;critical;significant;be of importance;essential

good&rarrpositive;favorable;promising;pleasure;excellent

bad&rarrharmful;unfavorable;poor;discouraging

many&rarrcountless;a great number of;a host of

necessary&rarrindispensable

famous&rarrdistinguished

enough&rarrabundant;adequate

huge&rarrenormous;massive;vast

possible&rarrbe likely to

(二)丰富句式

1. 添加修饰

在名词前面添加形容词

Young people should be condemmed.

Young peole giving up supporting their parents should be condemned.

常用描述图片的形容词：educational;vivid;ironic;

2. 句首添加状语

Interestingly;unfortunately;obviously;especially;irnoically;not surprisingly;overall;just like;

inaddition;besides

Obviously，what the picture conveyed should be given further analysis.

3. 多用复合句

复合句类型比较多，但是在考研中一个主句一个从句这样的句式基本是标配。但是如何把复合句写好，一方面可以使用词汇替换的技巧，另外一方面还需要用不同的句型。

(1) 形式主语：

It be+Adj./done/N.+that/to do

It is obvious that proceting environment is our compulsory duty and also a legal behavior.

(2) 定从句，这个是写作需要重点掌握的句式。

It goes without saying that the cartoon depicts four persons are competitively playing a footable game, which successfully captures our eyes.

(3)双重否定：

…hardly…not/ never

never fail to do

it is not impossible to

(4) 倒装结构：

Only+状语置于句首：Only in this way can we resolve the problem.

否定词置于句首：By no means should we turn a blind eye to such things of spoiling children.

(5) 强调句：

强调动词：I do expect that the issue of environment pollution can be settled as soon as possible.

强调句子某个成分：It was persistence and optimism that made Thomas Edison bravely confront a variety of obtacles and other failures and then finally invent the electrical lamp.